Which intellectuals, or bodies of thought, offered the most interesting (or most successful) revision of their legacy?

Answer one of the following questions:

1. Over the course of the twentieth century, European intellectuals appropriated, revised, and challenged the legacies and ideas of Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud. Which intellectuals, or bodies of thought, offered the most interesting (or most successful) revision of their legacy? Your answer should review at least three different intellectuals and/or sets of ideas.

2. In their attempts to disrupt or transform, or revolutionize mainstream society and philosphy, many of the thinkers and cultural producers were studied since the midterm have challenged conventional understandings of language as a transparent source of meaning and stability. Which intellectuals, or bodies of thought, offered the most interesting (or most successful) critiques of language? Your answer should review at least three different intellectuals and/or sets of ideas.

Note: this is not a question about how intellectuals used language (though this may be a part of your answer), but rather a question about how intellectuals understood and critiqued language itself as a system of meaning.