What was the basis of these criticisms?

In Federalist No.39, James Madison responded to two broad criticisms of the Constitution: first, that in “general form and aspect” it was not “strictly republican,” and second that it deviated from the federal form” and established “a national government” or a “consolidation of the states.” What was the basis of these criticisms? How did Madison counter each of these charges? In the process, how did Madison redefine republicanism and reconfigure federalism?
No fluff or filler straight to the point.
Only use Federalist No. 39 for source