Using the raw data, determine how much calcium and DNA (an indicator of cell #) is present on each sample after two weeks.

some questions need to be answered by calculation and graphs, get into the point directly, and put the Q and then answer it, each question need to be in separate page, please follow all the steps, the full file is attached

1. You are designing a scaffold for bone tissue engineering. You have modified a polymer with two different surface treatments (A and B). You then seed equal number of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) on discs of the samples with the two different surface modifications. After 2 weeks, you perform two assays:

a. Using the raw data, determine how much calcium and DNA (an indicator of cell #) is present on each sample after two weeks. MUST SHOW ALL WORK (this includes any graphs and trendline equations)

b. Based on your calculations above, which surface modification technique would be better for greater bone formation in the body A or B?

c. You now want to modify the surface to improve osteoblast migration. Which cellular function should you target (why) and describe what type of modification you will incorporate? You should justify your answer in the context of the intended application (bone tissue engineering).

2. Researchers are interested in determining the host response to two different biomaterials: polypropylene and thermoplastic poly(carbonate) urethane (TPU). Two experiements were conducted: 1) investigation of total granuloma size at two time points (7 and 21 days) and 2) assessment of total macrophage count around the bio material. The bio materials were implanted subcutaneously in rats.

a. Describe the results from Figure A. What significant differences are there? What do they mean?

b. Describe the results from Figure B. What significant differences are there? What do they mean?

c. For both Figure A and B, what statistical test was most likely conducted?

d. Based on Part A and B, which biomaterial would you recommend using and why?

e. What are two additional experiments that you would conduct to further investigate the hosts response to implantation? Include the independent variable, dependent variable, and added value (importance) of running the experiment.