Some predict that California will sink into the ocean. Is this idea consistent with the theory of plate tectonics? Explain.

1. Give an estimate of the time when each of these formed:
i) Milky Way
ii) Universe
iii) Sun
iv) Earth
v) Ceres (an asteroid in our solar system)
2. Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system is 5.2 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun. How long would it take to go from Earth to Jupiter if you travelled as fast as a jet (1000 kilometers/hour)? Do the same calculation for Neptune, which is 30 AU from the Sun. Referring to the GEOgraphics feature on page 23 of your textbook will be helpful.

Module 2 PLATE TECTONICS
3. Some predict that California will sink into the ocean. Is this idea consistent with the theory of plate tectonics? Explain.
4. Use the hypothetical plate map that accompanies question 4 on page 78 of your textbook to answer the following questions.
i) Is continent C moving toward or away from continents B and C? Why?
ii) Explain why active volcanoes are more likely to be found on continents A and B than on continent C.
iii) Provide at least a scenario in which volcanic activity might be triggered on continent C.

Module 3 CRUSTAL DEFORMATION & MOUNTAIN BUILDING
5. Write brief statement describing photos A and B that accompany question 6 on page 359 of your textbook. Use terms from the following list: strike-slip, dip-slip, normal, reverse, right-lateral, left-lateral.
6. Answer all three questions.
i) What is the difference between mountain systems that form at volcanic island arcs and at Andean-type plate margins (continental volcanic arcs)? Name at least two mountain systems that formed at volcanic island arcs and two at Andean-type plate margins.
ii) Name one example of a fault-block mountain.
iii) Name one example of a mountain that formed along a transform plate boundary.

Module 4 EARTHQUAKES
7. Answer both questions.
i) Why is it possible to issue a tsunami warning but not a warning for an impending earthquake?
ii) Describe a scenario in which a tsunami warning would be of little value.
8. Based on the figure that accompanies question 7 on page 392 of your textbook, do you think San Francisco or Los Angeles has the greater risk of experiencing a major earthquake in the near future? Defend your selection.

Module 5 MATTER AND MINERALS
9. Answer both questions.
i) What mineral property is illustrated in the photo that accompanies question 9 on page 115 of your textbook?
ii) Most states have designated a state mineral, rock, or gemstone to promote interest in the states natural resources. Describe Californias official mineral, rock, and gemstone and explain why each of these was selected by the state. hint: if you cant find some or all of the answers in your textbook, you may have to refer to outside sources
10. Using the geologic definition of mineral as your guide, determine which of the items on this list are minerals and which are not. If not a mineral, explain in one sentence why not.
i) Gold nugget
ii) Seawater
iii) Quartz
iv) Cubic zirconia
v) Obsidian
vi) Ruby
vii) Glacial ice
viii) Amber

Module 6 IGNEOUS ROCKS AND VOLCANOES
11. Is it possible for two igneous rocks to have the same mineral composition but be different rocks? Use an example to support your answer.
12. Explain why an eruption of Mount Rainier, similar to the one that occurred at Mount St. Helens in 1980, would be considerably more destructive.
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